THE BUILDING CERAMIC FROM THE EXCAVATIONS OF THE «CAVE TOWN» ESKI-KERMEN IN 1936—1937: THE CATALOGUE OF FINDS FROM THE FOUNDS OF THE BAKHCHYSARAI MUSEUM-PRESERVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.04.09Keywords:
Crimea, medieval time, Eski-Kermen, N. I. Repnikov, building ceramic, tegulae, handicraft markAbstract
The article is about republication of the complex of the building ceramics from the excavations of the «cave town» Eski-Kermen. At the first time this complex was published in 1941 by N. I. Repnikov, who was the author of the excavations, and in the 1950 and 1979 by A. L. Yakobson. This researcher made the complex of roof tiles an important part of his medieval building ceramics investigation. The central peculiarity of these works was a special attention for the craft marks on the tiles and ignorance of common forms and ceramic paste of the tegulaes and imbrexes. Such approach led to serious mistakes in the tiles dating. The republication of this complex based on the modern methodology of roof tiles analysis is an important step for correction of these mistakes and for mainstreaming of its scientific significance. As a result roof tiles from the excavation of the Eski-Kermen were listed by the morphological and technological features and drawn with the accuracy. Instead of small-scale pictures of craft marks without the tegula background as in previous works, this publication presents pictures in scale 1 : 4, where the smallest details of the production were represented in full-size.
This methodology showed its positive results in the work with the building ceramics from Eski-Kermen. There are three main branches of these results. At first, the work with the roof tiles from excavation of the Eski-Kermen in 1936—1937 showed mistakes in the pictures of the craft marks in the A. L. Yakobson works. One of the craft mark with the complex design was separated into the two parts, which were dated differently. At-second, some craft marks, which were absent in N. I. Repnikov and A. L. Yakobson works, were published for the first time. The craft mark with the ship and fantastic beast is the most significant of it. At-third, the tegulaes from the N. I. Repnikov excavations were dated according to the technological and morphological classification and by the findings some analogies from modern excavations. The chronology of tiles proposed in this work is demonstrated that the excavations on the Eski-Kermen in the 1936—1937 discovered stratigraphy contexts of the four periods: IX—X c., X — first half of the XIII c., the second half of the XIII c. and XIV c., which weren’t described by N. I. Repnikov.
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