THE PALAEOETHNOBOTANICAL MATERIALS OF THE CHORNOLISKA CULTURE FROM VOLOSHKOVE 6
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.01.12Keywords:
the Chornoliska culture, Voloshkove 6, palaeoethnobotany, barley (Hordeum vulgare), lentil (Lens culinaris).Abstract
In 2022, the Dniester expedition of the «State Research Centre “Protective Archaeology Service of Ukraine”» of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine explored the multi-layered settlement of Voloshkove 6. The 528 m2 area has been studied and 62 objects were discovered. 46 of them belonged to the Chornoliska culture. In two objects (objects 1A and 49) the remains of botanical origin were found.
The researchers noticed the palaeoethnobotanical remains in time and removed the soil containing them. Samples have been taken and the burned macro-remains of plants also were selected by flotation. Using identification analysis it was ascertained that sample 1 (object 1A) contained several caryopses and fragments of barley (Hordeum vulgare). In sample 2 (object 49) about 15 cm3 of legume seeds — lentil (Lens culinaris) was distinguished. Isolated cleavers (Galium aparine) were found in small quantities in both samples.
Given the homogeneity of the finds, it can be argued that they are the result of harvesting and storing the harvest of one year. Sample 2 can be interpreted as a seed fund for future crops, which was stored in a separate container.
Today, this is the first find of charred macro-remains from the sites of the Chornoliska culture and the second reliable definition of the palaeoethnobotanical materials of this culture. Therefore, barley (Hordeum vulgare) was added to the previously established list cereals of millet (Panicum miliaceum) and emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon) grown by the carriers of the Chornoliska culture. So far, legumes are represented only by lentil.
This finding does not yet make it possible to assess the grain farming as a whole. Currently, it only supplements the data on cultivated plants that were grown by the carriers of the Chornoliska culture.
References
Bregadze, N. A. 1982. Ocherki po istorii agroetnografii Gruzii. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
Veselovskyi, I. V., Lysenko, A. K., Manko, Yu. P. 1988. Atlas-vyznachnyk bur’ianiv. Kyiv: Urozhai.
Gerasimenko, N. P. 2016. Izmenenie paleoekologicheskikh uslovii v raione Subotovskogo gorodishcha po palinologicheskim i pedologicheskim dannym. In: Gershkovich, Ia. P. Subotovskoe gorodishche. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy, s. 447-474.
Horbanenko, S. A. 2014. Zernove hospodarstvo siverian. Arkheolohiia, 1, s. 113-123.
Horbanenko, S. A. 2016. Flotatsiia y promyvannia yak metody arkheolohichnykh doslidzhen: realii y perspektyvy. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 1 (18): Kolektsii Naukovykh fondiv Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy. Problemy ta vidkryttia, s. 137-144.
Horbanenko, S. 2023. Paleobotanichni vyznachennia 2020—2022 rr. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2022 r., s. 349-355.
Karta… Karta Ukrainy: Generalnyi shtab. 1970—1980-e gg. M: 1 : 100000.
Kushnir, A. S., Leiberiuk, O. M., Shvaiko, V. M. Paleogruntoznavchi doslidzhennia pryrody holotsenu v mezhakh terytorii Ukrainy. Rezhym dostupu: https://paleosoil-holocen.info.
Lebedeva, E. Iu. 2007. Metodicheskie aspekty arkheobotanicheskikh issledovanii. Materialy ta doslidzhennia z arkheolohii Skhidnoi Yevropy, 7: Vid neolitu do kimeriitsiv, s. 289-296.
Lebedeva, E. Iu. 2008. Arkheobotanicheskaia rekonstruktsiia drevnego zemledeliia (metodicheskie kriterii). Opus: mezhdistsiplinarnye issledovaniia v arkheologii, 6, s. 86-109.
Pashkevich, G. A. 1991a. Paleoetnobotanicheskie nakhodki na territorii Ukrainy (neolit — bronza): Katalog. Kyiv: Preprint.
Pashkevich, G. A. 1991b. Paleoetnobotanicheskie nakhodki na territorii Ukrainy: Pamiatniki I tys. do n. e. — II tys. n. e.: Katalog I. Kyiv: Preprint.
Pashkevich, G. A. 1991c. Paleoetnobotanicheskie nakhodki na territorii Ukrainy: Pamiatniki I tys. do n. e. — II tys. n. e.: Katalog II. Kyiv: Preprint.
Pashkevich, G. A. 1992. Kulturnye rasteniia Ukrainy ot neolita do srednevekovia (po paleoetnobotanicheskim materialam). Diss.... d-ra biol. nauk v forme nauchnogo doklada. Kyiv: Institut botaniki im. M. G. Kholodnogo NAN Ukrainy.
Pashkevych, H. O. 1998. Pro vidbir zrazkiv dlia paleobotanichnykh doslidzhen. Arkheolohichni vidkryttia v Ukraini 1997—1998 rr., s. 184-185.
Pashkevych, H. O. 2003. Paleoetnobotanichni doslidzhennia 2002 roku. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia 2001—2002 rr., s. 220-221.
Pashkevych, H. O., Videiko, M. Yu. 2006. Rilnytstvo plemen trypilskoi kultury. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy.
Pashkevych, H. O., Mylian, T. R. 2010. Paleobotanichni znakhidky z poselennia Yosypivka III u Pobuzhzhi. Lviv.
Rudenko, L. H. (ed.). 2007. Natsionalnyi atlas Ukrainy. Kyiv: Kartohrafiia.
Terenozhkin, A. I. 1961. Predskifskii period na dneprovskom Pravoberezhe. Kyiv: AN USSR.
Ianushevich, Z. V. 1976. Kulturnye rasteniia Iugo-Zapada SSSR po paleobotanicheskim issledovaniiam. Kishinev: Shtiintsa.
Ianushevich, Z. V. 1986. Kulturnye rasteniia Severnogo Prichernomoria: paleoetnobotanicheskie issledovaniia. Kishinev: Shtiintsa.
Tsvelev, N. N. (ed.). 1990. Kulturnaia flora SSSR. 2, 2: Iachmen. Leningrad: Agropromizdat.
Chernovol, D., Zhelaha, D., Boltaniuk, P., Starenkyi, I., Pomirkovanyi, V., Lanh, Ye. 2022. Doslidzhennia na bahatosharovii pam’iattsi Voloshkove 6 (Horby). Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2020 r., s. 337-340.
Chernovol, D., Korvin Piotrovskyi, A., Karmazina, L., Okatenko, V. 2023. Doslidzhennia na bahatosharovii pam’iattsi Voloshkove 6 (Horby). Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2022 r., s. 338-341.
