CULTURAL ATTRIBUTION OF THE ASSEMBLAGE NEAR THE KRUGLIK VILLAGE IN NORTHERN BUKOVINA DISCOVERED IN 1959

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.02.07

Keywords:

barrow, burial, Bukovyna, Western Podil¬lia group, Scythian time, cremation, jewelry, spindle whorl.

Abstract

In 1959 the expedition of the Chernivtsi University headed by I. S. Vynokur excavated archaeological sites near the Kruhlyk village in Khotyn district of Chernivtsi region. That year the object with burnt layers was excavated.

The site was a chamber of 4.3 Ч 4 m. Along its perimeter there were 8 round holes connected by a narrow groove, which formed the outer perimeter of the object, enclosing it on all sides, except for the southwestern one. There the gap was traced forming the entrance to the structure from the south. The holes are 0.45—0.6 m in diameter and 0.5—0.6 m deep. They contain layers of charred wood and ash, fragments of burned clay, and stones. The ditch around the perimeter of the structure was on average 20 cm wide. Ceramic slag was cleared out of it, and a clay biconical spinning wheel and a bronze pin were found near pit 8. In the western part of the site a part of a stone floor, 2.6 Ч 1.2 m, survived, which was damaged by plowing and paved with tiles of various shapes and sizes. The upper part of the stones is heavily burnt. A small number of burnt human bones, fragments of ceramics slagged by high temperatures, including fragments of gray clay pottery, were cleared between the stones of the floor.

In the reporting documentation, the site was interpreted as a cremation of the Cherniakhiv culture. The huge base of archaeological materials accumulated since then allows us to return to the interpretation of the Kruhlyk site today. Its structural details, such as the entrance from the south side, pole holes and a ditch around the perimeter, their size, and the use of stone, have the analogues in the early Scythian barrows of the Western Podillia group located in the Middle Dnister area. They also contain details of the funeral rite, such as the burning of a wooden tomb and cremation of the deceased.

The inventory also has analogies in Early Iron Age sites from the Middle Dnister area. Biconical spinning wheels were used here in both the Pre-Scythian and Scythian periods. A bronze pin with a mushroom-shaped top is particularly important. Such items have been found in many burial assemblages of the region in the Early Scythian period. They were also found in settlements. Gray clay dishes made on a potter’s wheel are also found at these sites.

Thus, the entire set of features indicates that we deal with the remains of a destroyed barrow from the Scythian period. According to the set of grave goods, it may belong to the Archaic period and date back to the last third of the 7th — first half of the 6th century BC. A representative of a wealthy social stratum of one of the local Dniester communities could have been buried in this barrow.

References

Bandrivskyi, M. S. 2009. Novyi rytualnyi ob’iekt chasiv skifskoi arkhaiky zi Shvaikovets bilia Chortkova na Ternopilshchyni. In: Otroshchenko, V. V. (ed.). Vzaiemozv’iazky kultur bronzy i rannoho zaliza na terytorii Tsentralnoi ta Skhidnoi Yevropy. Kyiv; Lviv: IA NAN Ukrainy; IU NANU, s. 202-235.
Bandrivskyi, M. S. 2010. Pam’iatky Serednodnistrovskoi (Zakhidnopodilskoi) hrupy rannozaliznoho viku v tsentralnoievropeiskii khronolohichnii shkali ta problemy periodyzatsii. Materialy i doslidzhennia z arkheolohii Prykarpattia i Volyni, 14, s. 76-113.
Bandrivskyi, M., Zakhar’iev, V. 2002. Pro odyn typ pokhovalnykh sporud periodu rannoho zaliza na Serednomu Prydnistrov’i (za materialamy rozkopok kurhanu III v seli Sokilets u 1999 r.). Zapysky naukovoho tovarystva imeni T. Shevchenka, CCXLIV, s. 545-562.
Belozor, V., Mogilov, A., Skoryi, S. 2010. Kompleksy rannego zheleznogo veka u s. Kozlov na Srednem Dnestre. Tyragetia, XIX, 1, s. 149-174.
Vinokur, I. S. 1959. Otchet o raskopkakh 1959 g. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1959/25.
Vynokur, I. S., Hutsal, A. F., Peniak, S. I., Tymoshchuk, B. O., Yakubovskyi, V. I. 1984. Dovidnyk z arkheolohii Ukrainy. Khmelnytska, Chernivetska, Zakarpatska oblasti. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
Vynokur, I. S., Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1958. Shcho povynen znaty yunyi turyst pro arkheolohichni pam’iatky Bukovyny. Chernivtsi: Oblasne vydavnytstvo.
Hanina, O. D. 1965. Poselennia skifskoho chasu u seli Ivane-Puste. Arkheolohiia, 19, s. 106-117.
Hanina, O. D. 1984. Poselennia rannoskifskoi doby poblyzu s. Zalissia. Arkheolohiia, 47, s. 68-78.
Hrebeniak, V. 2015. Novi arkheolohichni znakhidky na terytorii Skhidnoi Halychyny. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva imeni Shevchenka, 122, s. 1-28.
Hutsal, A. F. 1995. Pokhovalnyi obriad naselennia Serednoi Naddnistrianshchyny peredskifskoho chasu. In: Vynokur I. S. (ed.). Materialy IX Podilskoi istoryko-kraieznavchoi konferentsii. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Kam’ianets-Podilska drukarnia, s. 94-96.
Hutsal, A. F. 2014. Pokhovalnyi kompleks skifskohochasu v kurhani № 9 bilia Spasivky na Zbruchi. In: Suprunenko O. B. (ed.). Fenomen Bilskoho horodyshcha. Kyiv; Poltava: TsP NANU, s. 44-46.
Hutsal, A. F. 2018. Derev’iani sklepy rannoskifskoho chasu v kurhanakh Serednoho Podnistrov’ia. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 27, s. 51-63.
Hutsal, A. F., Boltaniuk, P. A. 2007. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia Kam’ianets-Podilskoi fortetsi 2007 roku. In: Bazhenov, L. V. (ed.). Materialy XII Podilskoi istoryko-kraieznavchoi konferentsii. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Oium, s. 205-210.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P. 1998. Doslidzhennia kurhaniv skifskoho chasu u Serednomu Podnistrov’i. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 1997—1998 rr., s. 74-75.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P. 2001. Rozkopky kurhaniv skifskoho chasu na Kam’ianechchyni. Arkheolohichni vidkryttia v Ukraini 1999—2000 rr., s. 17-18.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P., Mohylov, O. D. 2004. Rozkopky kurhaniv epokhy rannoho zaliza v s. Malynivtsi na Serednomu Dnistri. Arkheolohichni vidkryttia v Ukraini 2002—2003 rr., s. 114-116.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P., Mohylov, O. D. 2005. Kurhany rannoskifskoi doby bilia sela Kolodiivka na Serednomu Dnistri. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2003—2004 rr., s. 118-119.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P., Mohylov, O. D. 2006 Rozkopky kurhaniv rannoskifskoi doby bilia sela Kolodiivka u Serednomu Podnistrov’i. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2004—2005 rr., s. 157-159.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P., Mohylov, O. D. 2008. Teklivskyi kurhannyi nekropol. Visnyk Kam’ianets-Podilskoho natsionalnoho universytetu im. I. Ohiienka. Istorychni nauky, 1, s. 6-23.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mohylov, O. D., Boltaniuk, P. A. 2010. Doslidzhennia kurhannoi hrupy Spasivka-Ivankivtsi u Pozbruchchi. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2009 r., s. 101-103.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mehei, V. P., Mohylov, O. D., Boltaniuk, P. A. 2007. Prodovzhennia robit na kurhanakh rannoskifskoho chasu bilia s. Kolodiivka. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia v Ukraini 2005—2007 rr., s. 158-160.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mohylov, O. D. 2021. Rannoskifskyi kurhan z krematsiieiu na Zakhidnomu Podilli. Arkheolohiia, 1, s. 46-55.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mohylov, O. D. 2022. Kurhan rannoskifskoho chasu bilia s. Shutnivtsi u Serednomu Podnistrov’i. Arkheolohiia, 4, s. 83-104.
Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A., Mohylov, O. D. 2023. Kurhan skifskoho chasu bilia s. Malynivtsi na Podilli. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 2, s. 162-173.
Hutsal, A. F., Mehei, V. P. 1997. Doslidzhennia kurhaniv skifskoho chasu bilia s. Tarasivka. In: Bazhenov, L. V. (ed.). Kam’ianechchyna v konteksti istorii Podillia. Kam’ianets-Podilskyi: Oium, s. 85-88.
Hutsal, V. A. 2006. Pokhovalnyi obriad peredskifskoho chasu na Mohylivshchyni. In: Bazhenov, L. V. (ed.). Druha Mohyliv-Podilska kraieznavcha konferentsiia. Mohyliv-Podilskyi: Oium, s. 47-55.
Ilinskaia, V. A. 1968. Skify Dneprovskogo Lesostepnogo Levoberezhia. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Ilinskaia, V. A. 1975. Ranneskifskie kurgany basseina r. Tiasmin. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Ilinskaia, V. A., Mozolevskii, B. N., Terenozhkin, A. I. 1980. Kurgany VI v. do n. e. u s. Matusov. In: Terenozhkin, A. I. (ed.). Skifiia i Kavkaz. Kiev: Naukova dumka, s. 31-64.
Ilinskaia, V. A., Terenozhkin, A. I. 1983. Skifiia VII—IV vv. do n. e. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Kashuba, M. T. 2015. Krematsii ranneskifskogo vremeni v mogilnike Kruglik na Srednem Dnestre. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 77, s. 200-212.
Kliuchevyi, B. 1965. Pid pokrovom starodavnikh kurhaniv. Liudyna i svit, 6, s. 38-39.
Kovpanenko, H. T. 1970. Kurhany poblyzu s. Machukhy na Poltavshchyni (za materialamy M. Ya. Rudynskoho). Arkheolohiia, XXIV, s. 146-169.
Kovpanenko, G. T. 1981. Kurgany ranneskifskogo vremeni v bacseine r. Ros. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Malieiev, Yu. M. 1991a. Kurhan Zakhidnopodilskoi hrupy poblyzu s. Zozulyntsi. In: Bodnar, M. M. (ed.). Pokhovalnyi obriad davnoho naselennia Ukrainy. Kyiv: NMK VO, s. 162-181.
Maleev, Iu. N. 1991b. Kurgan skifskogo vremeni u s. Myshkovtsy v basseine r. Zbruch. In: Boltrik, Iu. V., Buniatian, E. P. (ed.). Kurgany Stepnoi Skifii. Kiev: Naukova dumka, s. 122-130.
Meliukova, A. I. 1953. Pamiatniki skifskogo vremeni na Srednem Dnestre. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta istorii materialnoi kultury, 51, s. 60-73.
Meliukova, A. I. 1958. Pamiatniki skifskogo vremeni lesostepnogo Srednego Podnestrovia. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR, 64, s. 5-102.
Mogilov, A. D. 2010. K arkheologicheskoi karte Severnoi Bukoviny rannego zheleznogo veka. Revista arheologica, V, 1, s. 98-129.
Mogilov, O. D. 2020. O formirovanii ranneskifskoi kultury na Crednem Dnestre. Stratum plus, 3, s. 129-170.
Mohylov, O. D. 2021. Komariv. Poselennia doskifskoho chasu na Serednomu Dnistri. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy.
Mogilov, A. D., Gutsal, A. F., Gutsal, V. A. 2016a. Pervyi Spasovskii kurgan. In: Sirbu, L. (ed.). Culturi, Procese si Contexte in Arheologia. Volum omagial Oleg Levitski la 60 de ani. Cisinau: Garamont-Studio, s. 247-267.
Mohylov, O. D., Hutsal, A. F., Hutsal, V. A. 2016b. Kurhan z kam’ianym valom na Zakhidnomu Podilli. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 2 (19), s. 212-230.
Mohylov, O. D., Reida, R. M., Mostovyi, D. O. 2023. Doslidzhennia rannoskifskoho kurhanu poblyzu Komarova u Serednomu Naddnister’i. In: Arkheolohiia Bukovyny: zdobutky ta perspektyvy: Tezy dopovidei VII mizhnarodnoho naukovoho seminaru (m. Chernivtsi, 22 hrudnia 2023 r.). Chernivtsi: Tekhnodruk, s. 98-99.
Skoryi, S. A. 1990. Kurhan Perep’iatykha (lo etnokulturnoi istorii Dniprovskoho Lisostepovoho Pravoberezhzhia). Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
Skoryi, S. A. 1999. Kimmeriitsy v Ukrainskoi Lesostepi. Kiev; Poltava: Arkheologiia.
Smirnova, G. I. 1967. Nekotorye voprosy ranneskifskogo perioda na Srednem Dnestre (po povodu stati M. Dusheka). Archeologicke rozhledy, XIX, s. 223-235.
Smirnova, G. I. 1968. Raskopki kurganov u sel Kruglik i Doliniany na Bukovine. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 10, s. 14-27.
Smirnova, G. I. 1977a. Kurgannyi mogilnik ranneskifskogo vremeni u s. Doliniany. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 18, s. 29-40.
Smyrnova, H. I. 1977b. Shchodo pokhovalnoho kharakteru rannoskifskykh pam’iatok poblyzu sil Dolyniany, Novosilky, Bilousivky. Arkheolohiia, 23, s. 3-10.
Smirnova, G. I. 1979. Kurgany u s. Perebykovtsy — novyi mogilnik skifskoi arkhaiki na Srednem Dnestre. Trudy Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, XX, s. 36-67.
Smirnova, G. I. 1981. Novye dannye o poselenii u s. Doliniany (po materialam raskopok 1977—1978 gg.). Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 22, s. 40-61.
Smirnova, G. I. 1982. Zakrytye predskifskie kompleksy u sela Dnestrovka-Luka. In: Mikliaev, A. M. (ed.). Drevnie pamiatniki kultury na territorii SSSR. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, s. 30-53.
Smirnova, G. I. 1985. Poselenie u s. Dnestrovka — pamiatnik chernolesskoi kultury na Dnestre. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 26, s. 5-29.
Smirnova, G. I. 1993. Pamiatniki Srednego Podnestrovia v khronologicheskoi skheme ranneskifskoi kultury. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, 2, s. 101-118.
Smirnova, G. I. 1999. Eshche raz o seroi kruzhalnoi keramike iz ranneskifskikh pamiatnikov Srednego Podnestrovia. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 34, s. 44-57.
Smirnova, G. I. 2004. Sostoianie izucheniia Zapadno-Podolskoi gruppy pamiatnikov ranneskifskogo vremeni v Lesostepnoi Skifii v kontse XX veka. In: Chochorowski, J. (ed.). Kimmerowie, Scytowie, Sarmaci: księga poświęcona pamięci profesora Tadeusza Sulimirskiego. Krakуw: Uniwersytet Jagielloński, s. 409-429.
Smirnova, G. I. 2006. Zapadno-Podolskaia gruppa ranneskifskikh pamiatnikov v svete issledovanii k kontsu XX stoletiia. In: Petrenko, V. G., Iablonskii, L. T. (ed.). Drevnosti skifskoi epokhi. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 66-90.
Terenozhkіn, O. І. 1954. Kurgan bіlia s. Glevakha. Arkheologіia, 9, s. 80-97.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1950a: Arkheolohichni rozvidky Chernivetskoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu v 1950 rotsi. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1950/14.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1950b Shchodennyk Khotynskoi ekspedytsii 1950 r. Fondy biblioteky Chernivetskoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1956. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia Chernivetskoho muzeiu v 1949—1951 rr. Arkheolohichni pam’iatky URSR, VI, s. 205-208.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1957. Zvit pro arkheolohichni doslidzhennia Chernivetskoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu v 1957 rotsi. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1957/21.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1960. Zvit pro arkheolohichni doslidzhennia Chernivetskoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu v 1960 rotsi. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1960/23.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1963. Zvit pro robotu arkheolohichnoi ekspedytsii Chernivetskoho kraieznavchoho muzeiu v 1963 rotsi. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1963/57.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1969. Pivnichna Bukovyna — zemlia slov’ianska. Uzhhorod: Karpaty.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1970. Arkheolohichni pam’iatky Chernivetskoi oblasti (konspekt lektsii). Chernivtsi.
Tymoshchuk, B. O. 1974. Zustrich z lehendoiu. Uzhhorod: Karpaty.
Timoshchuk, B. A., Vinokur, I. S. 1958. Pamiatniki epokhi polei pogrebenii na Bukovine. Kratkie soobshcheniia Instituta arkheologi AN SSSR, 90, s. 73-76.
Timoshchuk, B. A., Vinokur, I. S. 1964. Pamiatniki cherniakhovskoi kultury na Bukovine. Materialy i issledovaniia po arkheologii SSSR, 116, s. 186-195.
Shovkoplias, I. H. Maksymov, Ye. V. 1952. Doslidzhennia kurhannoho mohylnyka peredskifskoho chasu na Serednomu Dnistri. Arkheolohiia, VII, s. 89-109
Shchukin, M. B. 1989. Sem sezonov Slaviano-sarmatskoi ekspeditsii. In: Smirnova, G. I. (ed.). Itogi arkheologicheskikh ekspeditsii Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha. Leningrad: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, s. 103-114.
Hutsal, A., Hutsal, V., Mogylov, O. 2023. Early Iron Age mound near the village Malynivtsi in Podillya. Eminak: Scientific Quarterly Journal, 2 (42), р. 109-135.
Mogylov, O. 2013. The barrows of the West Podolian group of the Scythian period. Mousaios, XVIII, p. 203-214.
Ossowski, G. 1891. Sprawozdanie drugie z wycieczki paleoetnologiczney po Galicyi (w roku 1890). Zbiуr wiadomości do antropologii krajowej, XV, s. 1-88.
Pulaski, F. 1902. «Mogily» o nasypie kamienym w powiecie Kamieneckim. Światowit, IV, s. 3-39.
Sulimirski, T. 1936. Scytowie na Zachodniem Podolu. Lwow: Nakladem Lwowskiego towarzystwa prehisto¬rycznego.

Published

2024-03-04

How to Cite

Mogylov, O. ., & Hutsal, V. . (2024). CULTURAL ATTRIBUTION OF THE ASSEMBLAGE NEAR THE KRUGLIK VILLAGE IN NORTHERN BUKOVINA DISCOVERED IN 1959 . Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine, 51(2(51), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.02.07