THE GRAVE OF CHERNIYAKHIV CULTURE NEAR KHERSON
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.02.10Keywords:
Chernyakhiv—Sвntana-de-Mureş culture, burials, Chornobayivka, «Zhuravka phase».Abstract
In 2008 while digging a pit for a cellar on a private estate in the Chornobayivka village in Bilozerka district of Kherson region the single female burial in a stone-lined niche grave was randomly discovered and later excavated by author and his team. The upper contour of the entrance pit could not be fixed due to long-term economic activity.
Ten ceramic vessels were placed at the head of the grave and near the left hand. They included four bowls, the vase and five pots. The case for a needle, made from the tubular bone of a bird, lied in one of the bowls. The silver ring and a fragment of the bone plate with two holes were found near the skull. Two necklaces were unearthed on the skeleton’s neck. Between the right arm in the area of the elbow and breast the five amber beads, two bronze and one glass ones were found. On the shoulders of the skeleton two two-plate fibulae lied. There were two limestone stones near the right wrist. The bone comb and opaque glass bead, which possibly used as a spindle wheel, were found between the left hand and the vault slab. The cow bone lied on the girl’s pelvis, next to it the two upper teeth of a cow were placed. The lower part of the postcranial skeleton was broken, the bones are scattered chaotically in the central and southern parts of the grave, mixed with fragments of two pottery vessels and glass goblets. Fragments of the heavily oxidized bronze shoe buckle were recorded here.
The shape and construction of the burial chamber, chalk, and small limestone pieces point to the Sarmatian influence on the funeral rites of the Chernyakhiv society.
According to the grave goods, this burial belongs to the post-Chernyakhiv horizon by the chronological scheme of Jaroslav Tejral, to «Zhuravka phase» (375/380—420/430) by Eugenii Horokhovsky, to the «fifth period» (375/380—400/410) by Olga Gei and Igor Bazhan and, most likely, was made at the late 4th — early 5th century.
The discovery of another destroyed burial of the final phase of the Chernyakhiv culture indicates the existence of the necropolis here during this time.
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