ON THE HISTORY OF THE STUDY OF EARLY SCYTHIAN BURIAL SITES IN THE NORTH CAUCASUS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.02.15Keywords:
Scythians, North Caucasus, burial sites, 7th—6th centuries BC.Abstract
The history of the study of Early Scythian sites in the North Caucasus, where two main centers of Scythian culture were distinguished, is examined in the paper. One of them is located in the Trans-Kuban area (the left bank of the Kuban river), and the other in the Central Ciscaucasia (the Stavropol upland and adjacent areas of Kabardino-Balkaria). The history of researching Early Scythian burial sites in the North Caucasus is divided into two chronological periods. The first period dates back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries. At this time, there was an initial accumulation of archaeological materials connected with the discovery of the first Scythian kurgans of the 7th—6th centuries BC. Research at this stage was focused mainly on the northwestern Caucasus, more specifically, in the Trans-Kuban region. It resulted in spectacular but poorly documented materials that remained the primary source for the study of the Scythians and their culture in the Caucasus for most of the twentieth century. The beginning of the second period in the research of Early Scythian sites dates back to the 1970s and 1980s. New representative collections of well-documented material were discovered during this time. The corpus of archaeological evidence of Early Scythian archaeology in the Central Ciscaucasia has been enriched by such sites as the Krasnoe Znamja, Novozavedennoe II, Nartan, and other kurgan cemeteries. The second period created the basis for a qualitatively and quantitatively updated database, which made it possible to address many topical problems of Scythian archaeology in the Caucasus and adjacent territories. The studies relying on it proved the critical role played by the Caucasus region in the early period of Scythian history. Our understanding of the presence of the Scythians in the North Caucasus in the 7th and 6th centuries BC has also been considerably deepened.
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