CHRISTIAN BURIALS ON THE TERRITORY OF CHERNIHIV «TRETIAK»
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.03.11Keywords:
Chernihiv, Tretiak, Modern period, 17th—19th centuries, residential buildings, industrial buildings, Christian ground burials, accompanying things.Abstract
The cemetery of the Pokrova Church on the territory of Tretiak was archaeologically explored from 1995 to 2021, where cultural layers, buildings and pits of the 10th—13th and 17th—19th centuries, and also more than 350 ground burials of the 17th—19th centuries were discovered.
During the research in 2021, a part of the buildings (constructions) of the second half of the 17th — the first half of the 18th centuries was discovered. At that time and before the fire of 1750, there was a production center of potters and blacksmiths here, as evidenced by ceramic and physical material from buildings 1, 2, 16, 19 and several household pits.
Later, the cemetery of the Pokrova Church expanded to the vacated site. In several excavation areas it has been found a demarcation ditch (building 10) of the southwestern border of the cemetery, which could have been dug in the 1760s. While superimposing the location of building 10 on the plan of 1787 it almost coincides with the southwestern border of the cemetery. Digging a ditch along the borders of cemeteries and church lands was a characteristic feature of demarcation in Chernihiv in the 18th century. Between the graves in the southwestern part of the cemetery a light wooden (?) sacral structure could have stood. The rounded site, free of burials, with a diameter of up to 7.0 m was recorded in two excavation areas.
Of the more than 350 discovered burials most were directed to the southwest with their heads, which could correspond to the orientation of the church building. A significant number of child and adolescent burials was recorded. Thus, during 1995 they accounted for more than 43 % of all burials, which is related to the epidemics of the 18th century. Also, children’s burials are grouped close to each other, which may be related to the family ties of the deceased, or to special places of such graves.
Numismatic material and grave goods (body crosses, buttons) from burials and grave fillings indicate its functioning in the second half of the 17th — mid-19th centuries.
After the cemetery ceased to be used, the planned direction of the street was built at the end of the 19th or the beginning of the 20th century, as evidenced by building 29 (19th—20th centuries), which destroyed several burials.
References
Bondar, O. M., Serdiuk, D. A. 2015. Podorozh kozatskym Chernihovom XVII—XVIII st. Putivnyk. Chernihiv.
Greben, P., Laevskii, S. 2000. Issledovaniia nekropolia tserkvi Pokrovy Bogoroditsy kontsa XVІІ — І poloviny XІX vv. In: Chernihivski starozhytnosti. Pershi naukovi chytannia: «Nekropoli Chernihivshchyny» (tezy dopovidei mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii). Chernihiv, s. 36-39.
Kazakov, A. L., Sytyi, Iu. N. 1988. Otchet ob okhrannykh arkheologicheskikh rabotakh na Chernigovskom posade v 1988 g., ul. Papanintsev, SPTU-5. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1988/185.
Kuzmuk, O. 2020. Zaprovadzhennia rehuliarnykh kladovyshch u votchynakh Kyievo-Pecherskoi Lavry. Tanatolohiia: smert ta navkolo smerti v yevropeiskii kulturi, 1, s. 63-65.
Kulakovskyi, P. 2006. Chernihovo-Sivershchyna u skladi Rechi Pospolytoi (1618—1648). Kyiv: Tempora.
Melnyk, O. O. 2017. Pokhovalni pam’iatky Kyieva XVI—XVIII st. Dysertatsiia k. i. n. IA NAN Ukrainy.
Motsia, O. P., Skorokhod, V. M., Zhyhola, V. S., Ryzhyi, V. V., Sytyi, Yu. M. 2022. Naukovyi zvit pro arkheolohichni doslidzhennia po vul. Yeletska, 7-A u m. Chernihovi u 2021 r. 1—3. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, b/n.
Myronenko, L. V. 2017. Keramichnyi posud Baturyna XVII — pochatku XVIII st.: typolohiia ta khronolohiia. Arkheolohiia, 1, s. 58-73.
Mudritskii, G. A., Laevskii, S. L. 1991. Otchet ob okhrannykh arkheologicheskikh raskopkakh 1991 g. na Chernigovskom nekropole po ul. Vorovskogo, 22. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1991/139.
Poshyvailo, O. M. 1986. Honcharni tsekhy Livoberezhnoi Ukrainy XVII — pochatku XX stolit. Narodna tvorchist ta etnohrafiia, 6, s. 33-39.
Rybakov, B. A. 1959. Otchet o rabotakh Chernigovskoi eksp. v gor. Liubeche i Chernigove v 1959 g. NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1959/20-b.
Sytyi, Yu. M. 2013. Khrystyianski pokhovalni pam’iatky davnoruskoho Chernihova. Chernihiv: Desna Polihraf.
Sytyi, Yu., Kalashnyk, Ye. 2013. Chernihivskyi honcharnyi oseredok kozatskoi doby u svitli arkheolohichnykh materialiv kintsia XX st. Novi doslidzhennia pam’iatok kozatskoi doby v Ukraini, 22, 1, s. 129-136.
Chernenko, O. Ye. 2002. Zvit pro okhoronni arkheolohichni doslidzhennia na terytorii Chernihivskoho posadu v 2002 r. (suchasna vul. Kyrponosa, 7). NA IA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 2002/183.
Chernenko, O. Ye. 2004. Do pytannia pro isnuvannia parafiialnykh khramiv na posadi davnoruskoho Chernihova. In: Zodchestvo Chernihova XI—XIII stolit ta yoho mistse v arkhitekturnii spadshchyni krain Tsentralnoi ta Pivdenno-Skhidnoi Yevropy 2002; Antonii Pecherskyi, yoho doba ta spadshchyna 2003: Materialy naukovykh konferentsii. Chernihiv, s. 40-41.
Chmil, L. 2010a. Honcharni oseredky Kyieva i okruhy kintsia XVI—XVIII st. Bolkhovitinovskyi shchorichnyk 2009, s. 286-301.
Chmil, L. V. 2010b. Keramichnyi posud Serednoi Naddniprianshchyny XVI—XVIII st. Dysertatsiia k. i. n. IA NAN Ukrainy.
Shafonskii, A. F. 1851. Chernigovskogo namestnichestva topograficheskoe opisanie s kratkim geograficheskim i istoricheskim opisaniem Maloi Rossii, iz chastei koei onoe namestnichestvo sostavleno. Kiev: Universitetskaia tipografiia.
