THE BYZANTINE BUCKLE FROM KVETUN IN DESNA VALLEY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.04.08Keywords:
early Middle Ages, 7th century, Kolochyn culture, Kvetun archaeological complex, Desna valley, Byzantine Empire, buckle.Abstract
The paper presents the buckle of early Byzantine time from Kvetun (Trubchevsk district of Bryansk region) in Middle Desna valley (fig. 1). This find was discovered in 1947 in kurgan 1 of the southern group during the research of M. V. Voevodskyi (fig. 2). Most researchers believe that this barrow field belongs to the Kolochyn culture. However, the lack of a clear definition of the ceramic assemblage from kurgan 1 leaves open the question of its affiliation.
Only few researchers considered this find, but almost without involving Central European analogies and quite often without proper arguments. In general, this buckle with cast integral plate is dated within very broad chronological limits — from the 7th — to the 9th centuries.
A catalogue of such buckles which includes 7 locations (excluding the find from Kvetun) has been collected (appendix; fig. 3; 4). Not each find is a direct analogy for the buckle from Middle Desna valley. But they can be used for a general understanding of this wide range of jewelry. These analogies point to the Byzantine origin of this buckle. Moreover, their dating does not go beyond the 7th century. The buckle from kurgan 1 can also be dated to this time. That is, this complex can be correlated with the materials of the final stage of the Kolochyn culture.
Although the early Byzantine finds in the Left Bank of the Dnieper are very few, but they are even fewer in the area of the Kolochyn culture. This is a find of a silver platter from Sudzha-Zamostia hoard and a fibula with returned foot from Nikodymove hill-fort. Perhaps this indicates certain regularities of the distribution of Byzantine things among the Slavs of the north-eastern part of their range, which is located too far from the borders of the Empire.
References
Aibabin, A. I. 1982. Pogrebeniia kontsa VII — VIII v. v Krymu. In: Ambroz, A. K., Erdeli, I. F. (ed.). Drevnosti epokhi Velikogo pereseleniia narodov V—VIII vv. Moskva: Nauka, s. 165-192.
Aibabin, A. I. 1990. Khronologiia mogilnikov Kryma pozdnerimskogo i rannesrednevekovogo vremeni. Materialy po arkheologii, istorii i etnografii Tavrii, I, s. 3-86, 175-241.
Aibabin, A. I. 1999. Etnicheskaia istoriia rannevizantiiskogo Kryma. Simferopol: Dar.
Ambroz, A. K. 1970. Iuzhnye khudozhestvennye sviazi naseleniia Verkhnego Podneprovia v VI v. Materialy po arkheologii SSSR, 176, s. 70-74.
Artishevskaia, L. V. 1957. Razvedka v verkhoviakh Desny. Kratkie soobshcheniia o dokladakh i polevykh issledovaniiakh IIMK AN SSSR, 68, s. 84-89.
Artishevskaia, L. V. 1963. Mogilnik ranneslavianskogo vremeni na r. Desne. Materialy po arkheologii SSSR, 108, s. 85-96.
Bugarski, I. 2020. Priazhka iz Vrchenovatskogo gorodishcha i vizantiiskie nakhodki serediny i vtoroi poloviny VII v. iz Serbskogo Pomoravia. In: Oblomskii, A. M. (ed.). Istoriia veshchei — istoriia i veshchi. K 60-letnemu iubileiu I. O. Gavritukhina. Ranneslavianskii mir, 20. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 59-66, 277.
Veimarn, E. V., Aibabin, A. I. 1993. Skalistinskii mogilnik. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Voroniatov, S. V., Shinakov, E. A. 2020. Otdelnye nakhodki i klady «varvarskikh emalei» v Brianskom Podesene. In: Radiush, O., Bliuene, A., Liubichev, M. (ed.). Germaniia-Sarmatiia, III: Sbornik nauchnykh statei po arkheologii narodov Tsentralnoi i Vostochnoi Evropy. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 81-114.
Gavritukhin, I. O. 2010. Vizantiiskie podviaznye fibuly s S-vidnoi petlei dlia osi pruzhiny. Nakhodki k severu i vostoku ot Dunaia. In: Islanova, I. V., Rodinkova, V. E. (ed.). Arkheologiia Vostochnoi Evropy v I tysiacheletii n. e.: Problemy i materialy. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 35-89.
Gavritukhin, I. O. 2011. Vizantiiskoe vliianie na vostochnoevropeiskie narody slavianskogo i tiurkskogo kruga v VI—VII vv. In: Makarov, N. A., Nosov, E. N. (ed.). Trudy III (XIX) Vserossiiskogo arkheologicheskogo sieezda. Velikii Novgorod — Staraia Rus. II. Sankt-Peterburg; Moskva; Velikii Novgorod, s. 15-18.
Gavritukhin, I. O. 2019. Priazhki tipa Sirakuzy i Severo-Vostochnaia zona ikh rasprostraneniia. In: Gavritukhin, I. O., Vorontsov, A. M. (ed.). Lesnaia i lesostepnaia zony Vostochnoi Evropy v epokhi rimskikh vliianii i Velikogo pereseleniia narodov. Konferentsiia 4. Chast 2. Tula: Gosudarstvennyi muzei-zapovednik «Kulikovo pole», s. 295-353.
Gavritukhin, I. O., Sedin, A. A. 2014. Fibuly s gorodishcha Nikodimovo. Kratkie soobshcheniia Institut arkheologii, 236, s. 118-128.
Goriunov, E. A. 1981. Rannie etapy istorii slavian Dneprovskogo Levoberezhia. Leningrad: Nauka.
Daskalov, M. 2012. Kolani i kolanni ukrasi ot VI—VII vek (ot dneshna Bulgaria i sasednite zemi). Sofia: craft House Bulgaria.
Kashkin, A. V. 1993. Arkheologicheskaia karta rossii: Brianskaia oblast. Moskva.
Kovalevskaia, V. B. 1979. Poiasnye nabory Evrazii IV—IX vv. Priazhki. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, E1-02. Moskva: Nauka.
Oblomskii, A. M. 1996. Kolochinskaia kultura. In: Gavritukhin, I. O., Oblomskii, A. M. Gaponovskii klad i ego kulturno-istoricheskii kontekst. Ranneslavianskii mir, 3. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 96-108.
Oblomskii, A. M. 2016. Kolochinskaia kultura. In: Oblomskii, A. M., Islanova, I. V. (ed.). Rannesrednevekovye drevnosti lesnoi zony Vostochnoi Evropy (V—VII vv.). Ranneslavianskii mir, 17. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 10-113.
Oblomskii, A. M., Terpilovskii, R. V. 2007. Predmety ubory s vyemchatymi emaliami na territorii lesostepnoi zony Vostochnoi Evropy (dopolnenie svodov G. F. Korzukhinoi, I. K. Frolova i E. L. Gorokhovskogo). In: Oblomskii, A. M. (ed.). Pamiatniki kievskoi kultury v lesostepnoi zone Rossii (III — nachalo V v. n. e.). Ranneslavianskii mir, 10. Moskva, s. 113-141.
Pohorilets, O. H., Panikarskyi, A. V., Volodarets-Urbanovych, Ya. V. 2016. Rannoserednovichni znakhidky z Medzhybozha-Rybhospa. In Sclavenia terra, 1, s. 73-90.
Rodinkova, V. E. 1996. Rannesrednevekovye pamiatniki Srednego Podneprovia i Dneprovskogo Levoberezhia s datiruiushchimi nakhodkami. In: Gavritukhin, I. O., Oblomskii, A. M. Gaponovskii klad i ego kulturno-istoricheskii kontekst. Ranneslavianskii mir, 3. Moskva, s. 155-162.
Rodinkova, V. E. 2012. Novaia nakhodka vizantiiskogo serebrianogo sosuda s kleimom v Vostochnoi Evrope. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, 4, s. 151-158.
Sedov, V. V. 1982. Vostochnye slaviane v VI—XIII vv. Arkheologiia SSSR. Moskva: Nauka.
Synytsia, Ye. V. 2003. Pokhovalnyi obriad slov’ian Pivdenno-Skhidnoi Yevropy V—VII st. Dysertatsiia kand. ist. nauk. Kyivskyi natsionalnyi universytet im. T. Shevchenka.
Skyba, A. V. 2016. Poiasni nabory heraldychnoho styliu u slov’ian. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy.
Sukhobokov, O. V. 1975. Slaviane Dneprovskogo levoberezhia. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Terpilovskii, R. V., Abashina, N. S. 1992. Pamiatniki kievskoi kultury (Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov). Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Traykova, L. A. 2017. Kolanat yuzhno ot dolen Dunav — kraya na ІІІ — nachaloto na VІІ v. Sofia.
Tretiakov, P. N. 1966. Finno-ugry, balty i slaviane na Dnepre i Volge. Moskva: Nauka.
Tretiakov, P. N. 1974. Drevnosti vtoroi i tretei chetverti I tys. n. e. v Verkhnem i Srednem Podesene. In: Tretiakov, P. N. (ed.). Rannesrednevekovye vostochnoslavianskie drevnosti. Leningrad: Nauka, s. 40-118.
Tretiakov, P. N. 1982. Po sledam drevnikh slavianskikh plemen. Leningrad: Nauka.
Challan, D. 1956. Pamiatniki vizantiiskogo metaloobrabatyvaiushchego iskusstva. II. Acta antiqua academie scientiarum Hungaricae, IV, s. 261-291.
Chubur, A. A. 2009. Stranitsy istorii brianskoi arkheologii. Liubov Artishevskaia: dorogi bez kontsa. In: Kukatova, G. I. (ed.). Tiutchev i tiutchevedenie v nachale tretego tysiacheletiia. Materialy III nauchno-prakticheskoi konferentsii. Briansk, s. 156-171
Jankovicм, M., Jankovicм, Đ. 1990. Sloveni u jugoslovenskom Podunavlju. Beograd.
Garam, Й. 2001. Funde byzantinischer Herkunft in der Awarenzeit vom Ende des 6. bis zum Ende des 7. Jahrhunderts. Monumenta Avarorum Archaeologica, 5. Budapest: Magyar Nemzeti Mъzeum — MTA Rйgйszeti Intйzete.
Ibler, U. 1992. Pannonische Gьrtelschnallen des spaten 6. und 7. Jahrhunderts. Arheoloљki vestnik, 43, S. 135-148.
Eger, C. 2010. Byzantinische Gьrtelschnallen aus Nordafrika — ein typologischer Ьberblick. Ephemeris Napocensis, XX, S. 129-168.
Schulze-Dörrlamm, M. 2002. Byzantinische Gьrtelschnallen und Gьrtelbeschlдge im Rцmisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum. I: Die Schnallen ohne Beschlдg, mit Laschenbeschlдg und mit festem Beschlдg des 5. bis 7. Jahrhunderts. Kataloge Vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Altertьmer, 30. Mainz: RGZM.
Schulze-Dörrlamm, M. 2009. Byzantinische Gьrtelschnallen und Gьrtelbeschlдge im Rцmisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseum. ІІ: Die Schnallen mit Scharnierbeschlдg und die Schnallen mit angegossenem Riemendurchzug des 7. bis 10. Jahrhunderts. Kataloge Vor- und frühgeschichtlicher Altertьmer, 30, 2. Mainz: RGZM.
Varsik, V. 1992. Byzantinische Gьrtelschnallen im mittleren und unteren Donauraum іm 6. und 7. Jahrhundert. Slovenskб Archeolуgia, XL, S. 77-106.
Vinski, Z. 1974. Kasnoantički starosjedioci u Salonitanskoj regiji prema archeoloљkoj ostavљtini predslavenskog supstrata. Vjesnik za arheologiju I historiju dalmatinsku, LXIX (1967), p. 5-86.
