RESCUE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCHES AS A COMPONENT OF THE MONUMENT PROTECTION SYSTEM (based on the materials of the rescue expeditions of the 1950s)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2024.04.15Keywords:
Rescue archaeological excavations, meliorative constructions, protection of monuments, archaeological exploration, 1950s, Southern Ukraine.Abstract
The paper is focused on the issue of formation of the monument protection case in Ukraine, based on the material of the rescue archaeological researches of the Institute of Archaeology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the South of Ukraine during the 1950s (Beryslavsko-Kakhovska, Havrylivska, Nikopolska, Nikopolsko-Havrylivska, Hornostaivska, Snigurivska, Molochanska, Terpinivska expeditions). Rescue excavations were carried out in the area of construction of the Kakhovka reservoir, irrigation construction in the valley of the Molochna River and in Lower Ingulets River. The archaeological sites (settlements, hillforts, burial grounds, and barrows), which were mostly located near river banks and were targets for destruction, were examined in the paper.
In addition, a certain emphasis is placed on the regulatory and legal framework for the protection of monuments, which was relied on by the Institute of Archaeology in matters of organizing, conducting and financing archaeological work on the places of great construction. The process of formation of monument protection legislation from the first «new construction» expeditions in Ukraine to the 1950s is traced. It is noted that this process was initiated during the Ukrainian revolution by the governments of the Central Rada, Pavlo Skoropadsky, and Directories.
In our opinion, the consideration of explored and excavated archaeological sites in the area of the Kakhovsky Reservoir is necessary, taking into account the destruction of its dam in 2023. A significant number of archaeological sites, explored 70 years ago and previously unknown, became available for exploration as a result of the lowering of the water level in the Dnieper. However, it is impossible to carry out this study during the war. In addition, this territory (Kherson, Mykolaiv, Zaporizhzha, Dnipropetrovsk regions) is constantly suffering under enemy fire. Some of the monuments under study are occupied (for example, Kamiana Mohyla), which cannot help but disturb.
References
Akulenko, V. I. 1991. Okhorona pam’iatok kultury v Ukraini (1917—1990). Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola.
Berezovets, D. T. 1960. Rozkopky kurhannoho mohylnyka epokhy bronzy ta skifskoho chasu v s. Kut. Arkheolohichni pam’iatky URSR, 9, s. 39-87.
Viazmityna, M. I. 1962. Zolota Balka. Poselennia sarmatskohochasu na Nyzhnomu Dnipri. Kyiv: Naukova dumka.
Viazmitina, M. I. 1972. Zolotobalkinskii mogilnik. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Havryliuk, N. O., Mykhalchyshyn, I. R. 2008. Deiaki problemy pam’iatkookhoronnoi spravy v Ukraini (okhorona kurhaniv). Arkheolohiia, 1, s. 82-88.
Horlo, N. V. 2007. Ekolohichni naslidky hidrobudivnytstva na Dnipri (50—70-ti rr. XX st.): istoriia i suchasnyi stan problemy. Naukovi pratsi istorychnoho fakultetu Zaporizkoho natsionalnoho universytetu, 1 (21), s. 240-247.
Hospodarenko, O. 2023. Pryvlasnennia kulturnoi spadshchyny Ukrainy: yak rosiiany peretvoryly Kam’ianu Mohylu na viiskovyi trofei. Novynarnia, 15.12.2023. Rezhym dostupu: https://novynarnia.com/2023/12/15/kamyana-mogyla/ [Data zvernenia 10.11.2024].
Goshkevich, V. I. 1913. Drevnie gorodishcha po beregam nizovogo Dnepra. Izvestiia arkheologicheskoi komissii, 47. Sankt-Peterburg.
Elnikov, M. V. 2013. Rezidentsіia Bekliarbeka Mamaia і mіsto Ordu (do 60-rіchchia doslіdzhennia Kuchugurskogo gorodishcha). Naukovі pratsі іstorychnogo fakultetu Zaporіzkogo derzhavnogo unіversitetu, XXXVI, s. 28-32.
Zakonodavstvo… 1970. Zakonodavstvo pro pam’iatnyky istorii ta kultury. Zbirnyk normatyvnykh aktiv. Kyiv: Politvydav Ukrainy.
Kovalova, I. F. 2012a. Dniprohesivska arkheolohichna ekspedytsiia 1927—1932 rr. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 9, s. 113-115.
Kovaleva, I. F. 2012b. 80 let: zabvenie i blagodarnaia pamiat. K iubileiu Dneprogesovskoi novostroechnoi ekspeditsii. Muzeinii vіsnyk, 12, s. 196-207.
Kozubovskyi F. A. 1933. Arkheolohichni doslidzhennia na terytorii BOHESu 1930—1932 rr.: Pidsumky arkheolohichnykh rozvidkovykh robit v raioni maibutnoho pidtoplennia Bozkoi hidroelektrotsentrali. Kyiv: UAN.
Lytvynenko, R. O. 2012. Novobudovna arkheolohiia v Donbasi: etapy, doslidnyky, dosiahnennia. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 9, s. 155-159.
Miller, M. 1962. Dolia ukrainskykh arkheolohiv pid sovietamy. Zapysky Naukovoho tovarystva im. T. Shevchenka, CLXXIII: Zbirnyk na poshanu ukrainskykh uchenykh znyshchenykh bolshevytskoiu Moskvoiu, s. 112-126.
Mykhailova, 2023. Znyshchenyi dvichi. Mariupolskyi neolitychnyi mohylnyk — nepopravna vtrata yevropeiskoi arkheolohii. Svitohliad, 4 (102), s. 28-41.
Olenkovskyi, M. P. 2006. Arkheolohichni pam’iatky Novovorontsovskoho raionu Khersonskoi oblasti. Arkheolohichna karta. Kherson.
Otroshchenko, V. V. 2001. Problemy periodyzatsii kultur serednoi ta piznoi bronzy pivdnia Skhidnoi Evropy (kulturno-stratyhrafichni zistavlennia). Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrayiny.
Popandopulo, Z. Kh., Tikhomolova, I. R. 1983. Issledovaniia Zaporozhskogo kraevedcheskogo muzeia. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiia 1981 goda, s. 308-309.
Protokol N 12. Protokoly zasedanii Uchenogo soveta za 1950 god. NA ІA NAN Ukrainy, admіn. arkhіv, f. 1950/33, kn. 1.
Rozporiadzhennia… Rozporiadzhennia Rady Ministriv URSR № 676-r vid 07.07.1954 r. NA ІA NAN Ukrainy, f. 30, N 75/2, ark. 32.
Rudynskyi, M. Ya. 1926. Korotke zvidomlennia za diialnist Vseukrainskoho Arkheolohichnoho Komitetu pry UAN v haluzi arkheolohichnykh doslidiv u r. 1925. Korotke zvidomlennia Vseukrainskoho Arkheolohichnoho Komitetu za arkheolohichni doslidy roku 1925 (z katalohom zvidomchoi vystavky). Kyiv, s. 3-11.
Rudynskyi, M. Ya. 1952. Do pytannia pro zapovidnyk. NA ІA NAN Ukrainy, f. 30, N 76/2, ark. 1-3.
Rudynskyi, M. Ya. 1956. Shchodo roboty Melitopolsko-Terpinivskoi ekspedytsii. NA ІA NAN Ukrainy, f. 30, M 76/2, ark. 12-16.
Tarasenko, I. H. 2017a. Diialnist Postiinoi arkheolohichnoi ekspedytsii na novobudovakh Pivdnia Ukrainy. In: Interpretatsiia arkheolohichnykh dzherel: zdobutky ta vyklyky. Materialy naukovoyi konferentsiyi molodykh vchenykh. Kyiv: Starodavnii svit, s. 159-162.
Tarasenko, I. H. 2017b. Do istorii riativnykh doslidzhen na Kam’ianii Mohyli u 1950-kh rr. Arkheolohiia, 4, s. 130-144.
Tarasenko, I. H. 2018. Novobudovni ekspedytsii u zoni sporudzhennia Kakhovskoho vodoskhovyshcha. Arkheolohiia, 3, s. 126-146.
Tarasenko, I. H. 2023. Do istorii arkheolohichnoho vyvchennia dolyny r. Molochna u 1950-ti rr. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 4 (49), s. 44-66.
Telegin, D. Ya., Shmaglii, N. M., Sharafutdinova, I. N. 1957. Otchet ob obsledovanii arkheologicheskikh pamiatnikov v zone razmyva Kakhovskogo vodokhranilishcha v avguste 1957 g. NA ІA NAN Ukrainy, f. 64, 1957/10a.
Terenozhkin, A. I. 1952. Arkheologicheskie issledovaniia v 1951 g. na territorii stroitelstva Molochanskogo vodokhranilishcha. Kratkie soobshcheniia IA AN USSR, 1, s. 15-20.
Tytova, O. M., Ivakin, H. Yu. 2015. Arkheolohichna spadshchyna Ukrainy: problemy vyznachennia ta potsinuvannia. In: Kot, S. I. (ed.). Kulturna spadshchyna v konteksti «Zvodu pam’iatok istorii ta kultury Ukrainy». Kyiv: Instytut istorii Ukrainy, s. 324-360.
Tovkailo, M. T. 2017. Slidamy Bozkoi arkheolohichnoi ekspedytsii 1930—1932 rr. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 4 (25), s. 56-70.
Cherkaska, D. V. 2017. Naukova ta pedahohichna diialnist arkheoloha L. M. Slavina. Dysertatsiia kand. ist. nauk. Kyivskyi universytet imeni Borysa Hrinchenka. Kyiv.
Shapovalov, G. I., Borisov, V. E. 1978. Raboty na srednevekovom gorodishche Bolshie Kuchugury. Arkheologicheskie otkrytiia 1977 goda, s. 398-399.
Yavornytskyi, D. Ya. 1927—1932. Dniprohesivska arkheolohichna ekspedytsiia 1927—1932 rr. (zvity D. I. Yavornytskoho). Rezhym dostupu: http://hamchenko.archive.iananu.com/category/administratyvni-odynyczi/dniprogesivska-arheologichna-ekspedycziya/ [Data zvernennia 16.09.2024].
