POPULATED AREAS. THE LATEST RESEARCH METHODS AND PRACTICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2025.03.16Keywords:
populated area, settlements, Ovruch volost, Old Rus, medieval, geospatial, geoposition, spatial approach, continuity, heredity, degree of archaeological research.Abstract
The paper presents the rationale for the necessity, conditions, principles, and methods in the study of Old Rus and modern historical populated areas of the annalistic Ovruch volost. Particular attention is paid to the study of the interrelationships of these populated areas from different times and the search for scientific evidence of their probable genetic heredity and historical continuity. The program and complex of methods for studying the Geoposition of old populated places includes the research at three successive levels: the settlement components of the Old Rus’ populated areas (ORPA), settlements and burial grounds in the PA, and the Old Rus’ PA as a whole. The complex of the defined and measured parameters of PA Geoposition is based on the relationship of the PA to the nearest water artery, mainly a river. Most of the measured and calculated Geoposition parameters have a range, so they are divided into minimum and maximum values. The distance to the water artery, the elevation of the PA relative to the river, and the angle of inclination of the settlement surface are defined. The type of hydrographic / topographical position of the PA is registered and the type and kind of topographical separation of the ORPA settlement components is determined. The exposure of the facade in relation to the water artery and the axis of orientation of the ORPA are ascertained. A separate block is focused to the study and parameters of spatial relations and structure of the ORPA, including the determining of the distances between the settlement and the cemetery within PA, the measuring of the height ratio of the settlement to the burial ground. The variants of topo- and hydrographic correlations between settlements and cemeteries in the Old Rus PA are also identified in the paper. The program and a set of methods for study of modern historical populated areas (MHPA) are developed and applied for the most objective identification and analysis of the spatial relationship between the ORPA and MHPA. The key is to determine the location of the ORPA in relation to the MHPA. It includes 3 main gradations: «Within», «On the border», «Outside PA». These definitions are based on the relevant parameter in the respective groups of PA. The minimum and maximum distances from the vector boundaries of MHPA to ORPA are measured. The most important parameters are the distances from the ORPA to the vectorized contour boundaries of MHPA, which are found on maps of 3 miles per inch scale of the mid-nineteenth century. The altitude correlations between the ORPA and MHPA are determined in 3 gradations: old PA above, below, at the level of MHPA. Some of the definitions are accounting statements and record the results of the analysis. Thus, the following are determined: oro-hydrographic position of the ORPA in relation to the MHPA; historical and topographic core of the MHPA; dynamics of historical oro-hydrographic development of the MHPA; as well as the altitude structure of the MHPA and its geomorphic subbase. The paper analyzes the successful testing of the design of such a comparative study, highlights some topical issues and research branches, in particular, the study of the problem of choosing the site of the primary ancient settlement and the key role of the waterway in the foundation of the old PA.
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