PINS WITH PROTRUSIONS FROM THE NORTHERN PONTIC REGION

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of pins and pin-like products with a crosshair in the form of three or four protrusions in the upper part of the rod, originating from the territory of the Northern Black Sea region. 51 products found to the east and northeast of the Carpathians were taken into account (45 were made of bronze, 6 — from bone). A typology of studs with protrusions has been developed. The features of their micro-regional distribution and cultural and chronological affiliation are considered. As analogies involved 33 products from the Carpatho-Balkan region. According to available materials, the oldest dated complex containing a hairpin with four protrusions is the mound 2 Komarov culture near the village of Ivannie in the Rivne region, located on one of the branches of the «Bug Trade Route». Several pins come from the lower layers of the settlements of the Noua culture (period Noua I), which contain a certain amount of dishes with signs of the Moldova—Bukovyna group of the Komarov culture of the Tshinets cultural circle («Belopotok—Kostisha»). Most of the pins with four protrusions in the Northern Black Sea region are associated with the late layers of settlements of the Noua culture (period Noua II), located in Romanian Moldova, Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and southeastern Galicia. In addition, a certain concentration of pins with four protrusions is observed in the northern part of the range of the Galician group and in the Volyn group of Komarov culture, in territories where the Noua culture never reached. In addition to related materials, the radiocarbon dates obtained for the burial Kordyshiv 3/4 and ash pit 3 of the Magala settlement allow us to synchronize the finds of the late Komarovo culture and the Noua II horizon. Bone pins with protrusions in the northern Black Sea region found only six. All of them belong to different variants of the same type and, according to many researchers, imitate bronze originals. All these pins are found on the settlements of the Noa culture in the southwestern part of the Northern Black Sea region — from the Upper Podnistrovye to the left bank of the Lower Danube. Only one bone pin of this type is known outside the region, coming from the settlement of Kastanas in Northern Greece. The distribution area of bronze studs with three prominences is limited only to the Northern Black Sea region; to the west of the Carpathians, such products are not known. Most of the pins with three protrusions, presumably, can be associated with the late horizons of the Kyiv-Cherkasy group of Komarov culture (in particular, with Belogrudovsky); however, none of these products are found in a reliable closed complex. The appearance of pins with protrusions in the Northern Black Sea region probably dates back to the XV century BC, the largest distribution — to the XIV—XIII centuries BC; some manifestations survive in the Middle Dnieper until the pre-Scythian time.