SHULHIVKA — VESELOVSKY’S «FIRST» BARROW NEAR NOVOMYKOLAIVKA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2026.02.13Keywords:
Scythians, Shulhivka barrow, N. I. Veselovsky, Parity Commission, Hermitage, M. F. Sumtsov Kharkiv Historical Museum.Abstract
Among the materials from 6 Scythian barrows transferred from the Hermitage to Ukraine in 1932 by the decision of the Parity Commission, the collection of finds from the Shulhivka barrow suffered the most devastating losses. The barrow was excavated over three field campaigns — from 1889 to 1891 by the leadership of N. I. Veselovsky, an associate professor (from 1890 a professor) of St. Petersburg University. In the first year of excavations, the side catacomb was discovered. The remains of two skeletons and a few grave goods such as several gold plates of various stamps, a bronze mirror, a bowl, and a bell were found. During the next two years, the central catacomb, also looted in ancient times, was discovered. Among the remains of the bones of the dead, the skull and its fragment pierced by the bronze arrowhead were found. The grave goods are more diverse. The weapons include 2 swords. One of them is single-edged, and its blade is similar in shape to the Greek mahaira. Bronze, iron and bone arrowheads are numerous. The fragments of scale armor and a belt were found. Gold plates are represented by a larger number of stamps. A bone spindle was also probably found in the burial. The collection transferred to Kharkiv was lost during the Second World War due to the evacuation and occupation of the city. However, nowadays a small number of finds from the Shulhivka barrow can be found in the State Historical Museum (Moscow) and the Central Museum of Taurida (Simferopol). Information about the finds from the barrow can also be supplemented by information from the handwritten catalog of G. Kizerytsky (Nos. 1449—1513) and records from the Hermitage inventory book, as well as unpublished materials from the archive of the Institute of the History of Material Culture. The publication of these sources could at least partially fill the existing information gaps about the Shulhivka barrow.
References
Alekseev, A. Iu. 1984. O meste Chertomlykskogo kurgana v khronologicheskoi sisteme pogrebenii skifskoi znati IV—III vv. do n. e. Arkheologicheskii sbornik Gosudarstvennogo Ermitazha, 25, s. 65-75.
Alekseev, A. Iu. 1992. Skifskaia khronika. Skify v VII—IV vv. do n. e.: istoriko-arkheologicheskii ocherk. Sankt-Peterburg: Peterburgkomstat.
Alekseev, A. Iu. 2003. Khronografiia Evropeiskoi Skifii VII—IV vekov do n. e. Sankt-Peterburg: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh.
Alekseev, A. Iu. 2006. Akinak ili makhaira? (Mechi iz raskopok N. I. Veselovskogo u s. Shulgovki v 1891 g.). In: Petrenko, V. G., Iablonskii, L. T. (ed.). Drevnosti skifskoi epokhi. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 43-65.
Babenko, L. I. 2005. Pesochinskii kurgannyi mogilnik skifskogo vremeni. Kharkov: Raider.
Babenko, L. I. 2010. K istorii kollektsii predmetov iz Litogo (Melgunovskogo) kurgana. In: Problemy istorii i arkheologii Ukrainy. Materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoi arkheologicheskoi konferentsii (Kharkov, 28—29 oktiabria 2010 g.). Kharkov: NTMT, s. 28, 29.
Babenko, L. I. 2012. K istorii kollektsii predmetov iz Litogo (Melgunovskogo) kurgana. Rossiiskaia arkheologiia, 3, s. 20-27.
Babenko, L. I. 2013. Navershia z Oleksandropilskoho kurhanu u zbirtsi Kharkivskoho istorychnoho muzeiu. In: Soshnikova, O. M. (ed.). Dev’iatnadtsiati Sumtsovski chytannia. Kharkiv: Maidan, s. 219-225.
Babenko, L. I. 2014. Kraplepodibna pidviska iz Oleksandropilskoho kurhanu v zibranni Kharkivskoho istorychnoho muzeiu. In: Soshnikova, O. M. (ed.). Dvadtsiati Sumtsovski chytannia. Kharkiv: Maidan, s. 269-274.
Babenko, L. I. 2015. Zoloti pidvisky iz Oleksandropilskoho kurhanu u kolektsii Kharkivskoho istorychnoho muzeiu. In: Strokova, L. V. (ed.). Muzeini chytannia. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii «Iuvelirne mystetstvo — pohliad kriz viky». Kyiv, s. 47-52.
Babenko, L. I. 2016a. O kolichestve navershii v Chmyrevoi Mogile. In: Problemy istorii ta arkheolohii Ukrainy. Materialy X Mizhnarodnoi naukovoi konferentsii, prysviachenoi 125-richchiu profesora K. E. Hrynevycha (Kharkiv, 4—5 lystopada 2016 r.). Kharkiv: NTMT, s. 19.
Babenko, L. I. 2016b. Zoloti bliashky iz Oleksandropilskoho kurhanu u zbirtsi Kharkivskoho istorychnoho muzeiu imeni M. F. Sumtsova. In: Soshnikova, O. M. (ed.). Dvadtsiat druhi Sumtsovski chytannia. Kharkiv: Maidan, s. 283-289.
Babenko, L. I. 2018. Kollektsiia Aleksandropolskogo kurgana v sobranii Kharkovskogo istoricheskogo muzeia imeni N. F. Sumtsova. In: Polin, S. V., Alekseev, A. Iu. Skifskii tsarskii Aleksandropolskii kurgan IV v. do n. e. v Nizhnem Podneprove. Kiev; Berlin: O. Filiuk, s. 591-627, 918-922.
Babenko, L. I. 2019. Navershia iz Chmyrevoi mohyly (znakhidka 1898 roku). Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 4, s. 295-312. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.22
Babenko, L. I. 2021a. Vtracheni shedevry: z istorii «ermitazhnoi» kolektsii skifskykh starozhytnostei u Kharkovi. In: Soshnikova, O. M. (ed.). Dvadtsiat somi Sumtsovski chytannia. Kharkiv: Maidan, 2021, s. 103-116.
Babenko, L. I. 2021b. Holovnyi ubir divchyny-skif’ianky z Pershoho Mordvynivskoho kurhanu. Skhodoznavstvo, 87, s. 51-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2021.87.051
Babenko, L. I. 2022a. Nezavershena restytutsiia. In: Temirova, N. (ed.). Transformatsii istorychnoi pam’iati: zbirnyk materialiv III Mizhnarodnoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii. Vinnytsia: DonNU imeni Vasylia Stusa, s. 62-64.
Babenko, L. I. 2022b. Pershyi Mordvynivskyi — trahichna dolia zrazkovoho kurhanu. In: Klochko, L. S. (ed.). Muzeini chytannia. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii «Iuvelirne mystetstvo — pohliad kriz viky». Kyiv, Skarbnytsia Natsionalnoho muzeiu istorii Ukrainy — filiia Natsionalnoho muzeiu istorii Ukrainy, 24 hrudnia 2020 r. Kyiv: Feniks, s. 25-38.
Babenko, L. I. 2023a. Dva akinaka u panoplii skifskoho voina. In: Olitskyi, V. O. (ed.). Arkheolohiia Pivnichno-Skhidnoi Ukrainy: zdobutky, suchasnyi stan ta perspektyvy: materialy IV Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii z mizhnarodnoiu uchastiu (Sumy, 27 kvitnia 2023 r.). Sumy: SumDPU imeni A. S. Makarenka, s. 11-19.
Babenko, L. I. 2023b. Illinetskyi kurhan — istoriia vtrachenoi kolektsii. In: Soshnikova, O. M. (ed.). Dvadtsiat dev’iati Sumtsovski chytannia. Kharkiv: Maidan, s. 156-164.
Babenko, L. I. 2023c. Shchodo atrybutsii deiakykh predmetiv z Lytoi Mohyly. Arkheolohiia i davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 2, s. 241-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.02.18
Babenko, L. I., Zadnikov, S. A. 2014. Kruglye listovye bliakhi iz Aleksandropolskogo kurgana. Naukovi zapysky. Seriia: Istorychni nauky, 21, s. 123-140.
Bessonova, S. S. 2009. Riton iz Bratoliubovskogo kurgana (k voprosu o datirovke tsentralnogo zakhoronennia). In: Bessonova, S. S. (ed.). Epokha rannego zheleza. Kiev; Poltava: IA NAN Ukrainy, s. 30-38.
Bidzilia, V. I., Polin, S. V. 2012. Skifskii tsarskii kurgan Gaimanova Mogila. Kiev: Skif.
Boltrik, Iu. V., Fialko, E. E. 2010. Skifskie kurgany na r. Tashchenak v Severo-Zapadnom Priazove. Materialy ta doslidzhennia z arkheolohii Skhidnoi Ukrainy, 10, s. 220-256.
Boltryk, Yu. V., Fialko, O. Ye. 2024. Kurhan Ohuz. Mohyla odnoho z ostannikh tsariv Skifii. Kyiv: IA NAN Ukrainy.
Velychko,Ye. O., Polidovych, Yu. B. 2021. Predmety z kurhanu Ohuz v kolektsii V. N. ta B. I. Khanenkiv (za materialamy Muzeiu istorychnykh koshtovnostei Ukrainy). Arkheolohiia ta davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 3, s. 104-121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.03.05
Hribkova, A. A. 2012a. Zoomorfni siuzhety na plastynakh-aplikatsiiakh z kurhaniv Dniprovskoho Lisostepu na osnovi kolektsii Muzeiu istorychnykh koshtovnostei Ukrainy. In: Strokova, L. V. (ed.). Muzeini chytannia. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii «Iuvelirne mystetstvo — pohliad kriz viky». Kyiv: MIKU, s. 60-68.
Hribkova, H. O. 2010. Yuvelirni vyroby z kurhanu poblyzu sela Budky na Posulli. In: Strokova, L. V., Klochko, L. S. (ed.). Muzeini chytannia. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii «Iuvelirne mystetstvo — pohliad kriz viky». Kyiv: Feniks, s. 44-54.
Hribkova, H. O. 2012b. Typolohiia plastyn-aplikatsii z kurhaniv Dniprovskoho Lisostepu z kolektsii Muzeiu istorychnykh koshtovnostei Ukrainy. Pratsi Tsentru pam’iatkoznavstva, 22, s. 136-151.
Zadnikov, S. A. 2019. Kollektsiia predmetov iz Aleksandropolskogo kurgana v sobranii Muzeia arkheologii Kharkovskogo natsionalnogo universiteta imeni V. N. Karazina. Arkheolohiia ta davnia istoriia Ukrainy, 4, s. 285-294. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.04.21
Ilinskaia, V. A., Terenozhkin, A. I. 1983. Skifiia VII—IV vv. do n. e. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Kantorovich, A. R. 2022. Iskusstvo skifskogo zverinogo stilia Vostochnoi Evropy. Klassifikatsiia, tipologiia, khronologiia, evoliutsiia. 2. Moskva: MGU.
Kuznetsova, T. M. 2002. Zerkala Skifii VI—III vekov do n. e. 1. Moskva: Indrik.
Leskov, A. M., Polin, S. V., Daragan, M. N., Belan, Iu. A. 2023. Skifskie kurgany Levoberezhnoi Khersonshchiny (raskopki A. M. Leskova v 1968—1972 gg.). 1. Kishineu; Kiev: O. Filiuk.
Lifantii, O. V. 2018. Koshtovni metalevi aplikatsii kostiuma naselennia Stepovoi Skifii VII—III st. do n. e. Dysertatsiia kand. ist. nauk. Natsionalnyi universytet «Kyievo-Mohylianska akademiia», Instytut arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy.
Meliukova, A. I. 1964. Vooruzhenie skifov. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, D1-4, Moskva: Nauka.
OAK za 1889 god. 1892. Otchet Imperatorskoi Arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1889 god. Sankt-Peterburg: Imperatorskaia Akademiia nauk.
OAK za 1890 god. 1893. Otchet Imperatorskoi Arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1890 god. Sankt-Peterburg: Imperatorskaia Akademiia nauk.
OAK za 1891 god. 1893. Otchet Imperatorskoi Arkheologicheskoi komissii za 1891 god. Sankt-Peterburg: Imperatorskaia Akademiia nauk.
Olkhovskii, B. C. 1991. Pogrebalno-pominalnaia obriadnost naseleniia Stepnoi Skifii VII—III vv. do n. e. Moskva: Nauka.
Onaiko, N. A. 1970. Antichnyi import v Pridneprove i Pobuzhe v IV—III vv. do n. e. Svod arkheologicheskikh istochnikov, D1-27. Moskva: Nauka.
Polidovich, Iu. B., Volnaia, G. N. 2005. Obraz zaitsa v skifskom iskusstve. In: Guliaev, V. I. (ed.). Drevnosti Evrazii ot rannei bronzy do rannego srednevekovia. Pamiati V. S. Olkhovskogo. Moskva: IA RAN, s. 425-436.
Polin, S. V. 2014. Skifskii Zolotobalkovskii kurgannyi mogilnik V—IV vv. do n. e. na Khersonshchine. Kiev: O. Filiuk.
Polin, S. V., Alekseev, A. Iu. 2018. Skifskii tsarskii Aleksandropolskii kurgan IV v. do n. e. v Nizhnem Podneprove. Kiev; Berlin: O. Filiuk.
Polin, S. V., Daragan, M. N. 2025. Skifskoe zoloto iz kurganov Severo-zapadnogo Priazovia (iz raskopok Khersonskoi ekspeditsii Instituta arkheologii v 1980—1987 gg.). Kishineu; Kiev: Lira-K.
Pridik, E. M. 1911. Melgunovskii klad 1763 goda. Materialy po arkheologii Rossii, 31. Sankt-Peterburg: Glavnoe upravlenie udelov.
Rostovtsev, M. I. 1925. Skifiia i Bospor. Kriticheskoe obozrenie pamiatnikov literaturnykh i arkheologicheskikh. Leningrad: Rossiiskaia akademiia istorii materialnoi kultury.
Skoryi, S. A. 1998. Osnovy arkheologicheskogo datirovaniia Bolshogo Ryzhanovskogo kurgana. Materiały i sprawozdania Rzeszowskiego Ośrodka Archeologicznego, XIX, s. 119-137.
Skoryi, S. A., Khokhorovski, Ia. 2018. Bolshoi Ryzhanovskii kurgan. Kiev: O. Filiuk.
Solom’ianyi, I. 2020. Kurhan Shulhivka — arkheolohichna pam’iatka pokhovannia skifskoi znati IV stolittia do nashoi ery. In: Yanushchenko, D. V. (ed.). Zbirka materialiv Oblasnoho konkursu poshukovykh robit uchnivskoi molodi «Pam’iatky Zaporizkoho kraiu» 2018—2019 rr. 2: «Pam’iatky arkheolohii», «Pam’iatky istorii», «Pam’iatky arkhitektury ta mistobuduvannia». Zaporizhzhia: KZ «Zaporizkyi oblasnyi tsentr turyzmu i kraieznavstva, sportu ta ekskursii uchnivskoi molodi» ZOR, s. 4-9.
Spitsyn, A. A. 1910. Arkheologicheskie raskopki. Sankt-Peterburg: R. Golike i A. Vilborg.
Terenozhkin, A. I., Mozolevskii, B. N. 1988. Melitopolskii kurgan. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Tikhonov, I. L., Medvedeva, M. V. 2024. Ot Afrasiaba k skifskim kurganam. In: Riabkova, T. V. (ed.). Epokhi, kurgany, nakhodki. K 175-letiiu so dnia rozhdeniia N. I. Veselovskogo: katalog vystavki. Sankt-Peterburg: Gosudarstvennyi Ermitazh, s. 14-35.
Topal, D. A. 2014. Finalnaia liniia razvitiia mechei klassicheskoi Skifii. Sootnoshenie tipov Chertomlyk i Shulgovka. Stratum plus, 3, s. 129-156.
Topal, D. A. 2021. Akinak na zapade skifskogo mira. Biblioteca «Tyragetia», 35. Kishineu: Muzeul Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei.
Khaver, N. P. 2018. Dva stolittia Novomykolaivky. Melytopolskyi kraevedcheskyi zhurnal, 11, s. 8-14.
Khaver, N. P. 2019. Shulhivskyi kurhan — vikno u mynule. Melytopolskyi kraevedcheskyi zhurnal, 14, s. 25-29.
Chernenko, E. V. 1968. Skifskii dospekh. Kiev: Naukova dumka.
Chernenko, Ye. V. 1964. Skifski boiovi poiasy. Arkheolohiia, XVI, s. 27-48.
Chernenko, Ye. V. 1965. Pantsyry skifskoho chasu. Arkheolohiia, XVIII, s. 77-104.
Černenko, E. V. 2006. Die Schutzwaffen der Skythen. Stuttgart: Steiner.
Daragan, M., Polin, S. 2022. Golden jewellery of the Vodoslavka Scythian burial-ground of the second and third quarters of the 4th century BC. Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia, 28 (1), p. 23-109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-20221400
Daragan, M., Polin, S. 2026. Objects Made from Human Crania in Scythian Burials in the Northern Black Sea Region. In: Simpson, J. (ed.). Gold, Silver and Glass: Power Networks, Cultural Identities, Technology Transfers and Agency across the Old World (7th Century BC — 1st Century AD). Oxford: Archaeopress, p. 92-117. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.38507935.11
Ginters, W. 1928. Das Schwert der Skythen und Sarmaten in Südrussland. Berlin: De Gruyter.
Rolle, R. 1979a. Totenkult der Skythen. I: Das Steppengebiet. 1. Text und Tafeln. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter.
Rolle, R. 1979b. Totenkult der Skythen. I: Das Steppengebiet. 2. Katalog. Berlin; New York: de Gruyter.
Shelekhan, O. 2020. Swords and daggers of the Scythian forest-steppe. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.
